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May 23, 2006 Democratic Alliance for Change : ウィキペディア英語版 | May 23, 2006 Democratic Alliance for Change The May 23, 2006 Democratic Alliance for Change (ADC) (fr. Alliance Démocratique du 23 mai pour le Changement) is a Malian Tuareg rebel group, formed in 2006 by ex-combatants from the 1990s Tuareg insurgency in Mali. In 2007, splinters of the organisation returned to combat in northern Mali, launching the Malian element of the 2007 Tuareg insurgency. Led by Ibrahim Ag Bahanga, this ADC faction continued to operate under that name, despite most elements remaining under ceasefire. In July 2008, most of these elements, along with much of the splinter following Ag Bahanga reached another accord with the Malian government in Algiers. Ag Bahanga and a faction of that group rejected the accord and fled to Libya. At the end of 2008, this faction returned to fighting, operating under the name ''Alliance Touaregue Nord Mali Pour Le Changement (ATNMC)''. The government of Mali has contended since 2007 that the Ag Bahanga faction of the ADC is a "band of marginals" who were "isolated from the heart of the Tuareg community", primarily motivated by lucrative Trans-Saharan smuggling operations operating from Ag Bahanga's home town of Tin-Zaouatene.〔(Mali president warns Tuareg rebels ). AFP. December 22, 2008.〕 Ag Bahanga and the other leaders of his faction contend that the government of Mali oppresses the Tuareg population of the north, and has repeatedly failed to live up to its agreements with the ADC and other groups.〔(Troubles et instabilité au Mali, au Niger et en Mauritanie : Turbulences aux frontières ). Rabah Beldjenna, El-Watan. 22 December 2008〕 Outside observers have also speculated that internal rivalries between Tuareg from the Kel Adagh (around Kidal) and the Ouilliminden confederations have frustrated peace attempts.〔(Situation au Nord-Mali : Comment Bahanga a rompu avec l’Algérie et épousé la Libye ), Abdrahamane Keïta - Aurore (Mali), 26/08/2008〕 ==May–June 2006 rising== On 23 May 2006, it launched attacks on the towns of Ménaka and Kidal in northeastern Mali, claiming that the agreements ending the previous conflict in 1995 had not been met by the government of Mali. Its leadership was drawn from the then defunct Mouvement Populaire de l'Azawad which was formally disbanded in 1996.〔(Mouvement Populaire de l'Azawad ) African Development Info Database.〕 The Secretary General was former MPA founder Iyad Ag Ghali, although operations were directed by Ibrahim Ag Bahanga, who himself had fought with the MPA.〔(Alliance Démocratique du 23 mai pour le Changement ) African Development Info Database.〕 The group was based in the Adrar des Ifoghas mountains, and launched attacks near the city of Kidal and south into the Gao Region. In July 2006, the ADC signed a peace agreement with the Malian government much along the lines of the previous agreement. Negotiated with the help of the Algerian government, the "Algiers Accord" stipulated fighters would be integrated into the Malian army, that Tuareg units would patrol Tuareg areas in the north, and that greater development projects would be perused in the Tuareg majority Kidal Region.〔(Jusqu?où ira la rébellion? ) Jeune Afrique: 15 July 2007.〕
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